CEN/TC 139 - Paints and varnishes

This part of The EN 13523 series specifies the procedures for determining the resistance to salt spray (fog) of an organic coating on a metallic substrate (coil coating).
For steel, neutral salt spray (fog) is usually used, and for aluminium, acetic acid salt spray (fog).

This part of the EN 13523 series specifies the basic principles and procedure for determining the resistance of an organic coating on a metallic substrate (coil coating) to a combination of fluorescent UV radiation, and water condensation and temperature under controlled conditions.
Due to varied conditions which occur during natural weathering and the extreme nature of accelerated testing, correlation between the two cannot be expected.
Not all organic coatings will perform on an equal basis but a degree of correlation between the same generic type might be observed.

This part of the EN 13523 series specifies a procedure for the comparative evaluation of resistance to soiling of an organic coating on a metallic substrate (coil coating) in an outdoor exposure environment, particularly the soiling defect known as "Tiger stripes".

This document specifies the procedure for determining the resistance of an organic coating on a metallic substrate to penetration by scratching with a needle.
It is possible that with some aluminium alloys and thin gauge steel substrate below 0,4 mm, that rather than scratching, the needle will deform the substrate. Under these conditions, this test method is not applicable.
Soft coatings such as poly vinyl chloride (PVC) and structured coatings will not give a precise result due to the soft nature of the coating and/or the potential for the needle to snag.
The method is not applicable to conductive coatings.

This document specifies the procedure for determining the difference in the colour of an organic coating on a metallic substrate by visual comparison against a standard using either diffuse natural daylight or artificial daylight in a standard booth.
NOTE   Results can differ between natural and artificial daylight.
It might be that two colour specimens will match in daylight but not under another light source. This phenomenon is known as metamerism (see EN 13523 3).
If a metameric match is to be reported in objective terms, spectrophotometric measurements (using CIE Standard Illuminants D65 and A) can be made, in accordance with EN 13523 3.
No statement is made about either the precision or the accuracy of this procedure since the results derived are neither in numerical form nor do they provide a pass/fail evaluation in objective terms. Therefore, this procedure is only intended to be used where the use of colour measuring instruments is not recommendable (evaluation of colour matches, inspection of metallic colours, etc.).
The standardization of such visual comparisons, by light sources, illuminating and viewing geometry and specimen size, provides for improved uniformity of results. This practice is essential for critical colour matching and is highly recommended for colour inspections.

This part of the EN 13523 series specifies the procedure for evaluating the behaviour of an organic coating on a metallic substrate during and after outdoor exposure. Panel design, preparation and the procedure for outdoor exposure are performed in accordance with EN 13523 19.
After washing of the panel, some dirt can remain on the panel. This remaining dirt can influence the accuracy and precision of readings of gloss and colour, performed on exposed panels, although carried out in accordance with the standards. Unlike other precise measurements, the objective of this European Standard is to report on trends in the corrosion and/or paint degradation behaviour of coil coated panels.

This document specifies procedures for determining the instrumental colour difference (CIELAB   or  ) of an organic coating on a metallic substrate compared to another one used as a reference (usually called reference) and the metamerism depending on the illuminant.
When two colour specimens have identical spectral reflectance curves, they are matching under any illuminant irrespective of its spectral characteristics. This is termed a “spectral match”. It is also possible for two colour specimens having different spectral reflectance curves to match visually under a given light source but not to match under another light source with different spectral characteristics; such matches are termed "metameric".
One quantitative description of metamerism is the so-called "metamerism index".
Information on the metamerism index is of limited value where ΔE (instrumental colour difference for a given illuminant) is > 0,5. The metamerism index is not suited for determining the absolute colour difference or colour consistency of a given specimen at change of illuminant.
The colour difference under the reference illuminant is to be measured in colour coordinates L*, a* and b*.
Excluded from this method are organic coatings producing fluorescence and/or which are multicoloured, pearlescent or metallic.
Establishing a reference as well as the magnitude of an acceptable colour difference are not covered by this method.
Two methods are given in this document:
a)   instrumental colour difference measurement using a tristimulus colourimeter;
b)   instrumental colour difference measurement using a spectrophotometer or equivalent.
It is advised that care is taken when measuring e.g.
-   textured surfaces;
-   fluorescent coatings;
-   metameric coatings;
-   multi-coloured, pearlescent, metallic or special colour effect coatings.

This document specifies the procedures for determining the dry-film thickness of an organic coating on a metallic substrate (coil coating).
Five appropriate methods are given in this document:
a)   magnetic induction;
b)   eddy current;
c)   micrometer;
d)   optical;
e)   ruggedized optical interference.
The methods are applicable only to products with smooth and flat substrates, but the coating itself can be textured. In that case, for methods a) and b), the average of a series of readings will represent an average of the thickness of the organic coating, while method c) will give the maximum thickness, method d) can provide the minimum, maximum and average thickness, and e) will give the total thickness.
Non-destructive continuous-web methods on measurement of dry-film thickness are only applicable on method a).

This document specifies a method for assessing the amount of filiform corrosion developed from a scribed mark by measuring the length of the longest filament L and the most frequent length M of filaments.
Pictorial examples provided in Annex A of this document illustrate different ratings for the degree of filiform corrosion. A comparison of the test panels with the 12 pictures in Annex A does not supersede the obligatory numerical assessment (method 1 or 2).
ISO 4628-1 defines a system used for designating the quantity and size of defects and the intensity of uniform changes in appearance of coatings and outlines the general principles of the system. This system is intended to be used, in particular, for defects caused by ageing and weathering, and for uniform changes such as colour changes, for example yellowing.

This document specifies a mobile method for evaluating the resistance of automotive finishes to chilled-iron grit projected onto the surface under test to simulate the effect of stone chipping.
Results from the test specified in this document are not comparable with results specified in ISO 20567-1.

ISO 2811-3:2011 specifies a method for determining the density of paints, varnishes and related products using an oscillator.
The method is suitable for all materials, including paste-like coatings. If a pressure-resistant type of apparatus is used, the method is also applicable to aerosols.

This document specifies methods for the determination of the rheological behaviour of a coating powder both in particulate and molten form.

ISO 4628-6:2011 provides pictorial reference standards for designating the degree of chalking of paint coatings. It also describes a method by which the degree of chalking is rated.

This document specifies a method based on a cyclic corrosion test for testing the corrosion protection of automobiles using coating systems on aluminium, steel or galvanized steel.
The test method uses corrosive conditions (temperature and humidity ramps and salt spray) to create realistic corrosion patterns. These corrosion patterns are typical for automobiles, and they are comparable in the case of sufficiently similar protective coating systems. In particular, the accelerated test investigates the delamination/corrosion creep that results from defined artificial damage to a coating. Investigations of surface and edge corrosion or investigations of adhesive specimens or components are also covered. This cyclic corrosion test is also suitable for testing corrosion in flanged areas or near gaps.
This document was developed for the assessment of coated substrates (test specimens, bodywork and mounted parts) in the automotive industry. Other applications, such as components with unpainted metallic coatings, were not part of the scope of the standardization work. This document was originally developed for coating systems on aluminium, steel or galvanized steel but it can also be used for the assessment of the corrosion resistance of coating systems on other metals and their alloys.

This document describes the procedure for determining the resistance of an organic coating on a metallic substrate to humid atmospheres containing sulfur dioxide.

This document specifies a test method for estimating the influence of jetting liquids from the rinsing process after electro-deposition coating (permeate residues) on a coating.
It applies to electro-deposition coatings for automotive industries and other general industrial applications, e.g. chiller units, consumer products, radiators, aerospace, agriculture.

This document specifies a method for determining the density of coating powders by liquid displacement in a measuring cylinder. The method is based on a determination of the mass and the volume of a test portion. It can be used for all types of coating powders.
NOTE      If the powder does not swell in contact with the displacement liquid used and if the displacement liquid replaces the air between the powder particles, it can then be used and compared with the method described in ISO 8130-3.

This document specifies a test method for determining the pigment-binder ratio.
It applies to electro-deposition coatings for automotive industries and other general industrial applications, e.g. chiller units, consumer products, radiators, aerospace, agriculture.

This document specifies a method to evaluate the resistance of automobile finishes and other coatings to the impact of a wedge-shaped body which is projected onto the surface under test to simulate the impact of stones.

This document specifies three methods for determining the adhesion by carrying out a pull-off test on a single coating or a multi-coat system of paint, varnish or related product.
These methods include:
—    method A: using two dollies, suitable for testing both rigid and deformable substrates;
—    method B: testing from one side only, using a single dolly, suitable for rigid substrates only;
—    method C: using dollies, one as a painted substrate.
These test methods have been found useful in comparing the adhesion behaviour of different coatings. It is most useful in providing relative ratings for a series of coated panels exhibiting significant differences in adhesion.
The test can be applied using a wide range of substrates. Different procedures are given according to whether the substrate is deformable, e.g. thin metal, plastics and wood, or rigid, e.g. thick concrete and metal plates. To avoid distortion of the substrate during the tensile test, it is common to use a sandwich construction. For example, for special purposes, the coating can be applied directly to the face of a test dolly.

This Technical Specification describes a test method to measure the ultraviolet (UV) and visible (VIS) spectral transmittance in the wavelength range from 280 nm to 700 nm of coatings for exterior wood. From the spectral transmittance the transmittance of UV, VIS and the UV plus VIS wavelength range can be calculated.
It is applicable to free coatings films or coatings applied on a UV-transparent substrate.

This document describes the procedure for determining objectively the chalking resulting from natural or artificial weathering of an organic coating on a metallic substrate.
The advantage of this procedure for measuring chalking of an organic coating is that the result can be read off immediately on an instrument. Subjective judgement by visual comparison of test specimens with reference specimens is not necessary.
Reproducible results can only be obtained by careful execution of the test. Special attention is paid to the adhesive tape and its application to the test surface.
The test method is not applicable to embossed coatings. In the case of textured coatings, the degree of texture will influence readings. Also, dirt collection can influence readings on outdoor weathered specimens.
NOTE   Different methods for assessing chalking are in use. The results of these different methods are not comparable.

This document specifies a method for determining the resistance to abrasion of coatings, for which two loaded, freely rotatable but eccentrically arranged abrasive-paper covered wheels affect the coating of the rotating test specimen.

This document specifies general methods of test for epoxy resins for use in paints, varnishes and similar products. It is also applicable to those solutions made from epoxy resins that are intended for use as binders for paints and varnishes.
The test methods described in this document are not intended for epoxy esters.

This document defines terms used in the field of coating materials (paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes).
Terms relating to specific applications and properties are dealt with in standards concerning those applications and properties, including corrosion protection (see the ISO 12944 series), coating powders (see ISO 8130-14), electro-deposition coatings (see ISO 22553-1) and rheology (see ISO 3219-1).
Terms on nanotechnologies are harmonized with the ISO 80004 series.
Terms on pigments and extenders are harmonized with ISO 18451-1.

This document specifies a test method for determining, under defined conditions, the resistance of a single coating or a multi-coat system of paint, varnish or related product to penetration, by scratching with a scratch stylus loaded with a specified load. The stylus penetrates to the substrate, except in the case of a multi-coat system, in which case the stylus can penetrate either to the substrate or to an intermediate coat.
The method specified can be carried out:
a)    either as a “pass/fail” test, by testing with a single specified load applied to the stylus to assess conformity with a particular specification; or
b)    as an assessment test by applying increasing loads to the stylus to determine the minimum load at which the coating is penetrated.
NOTE      Neither this document nor ISO 1518-2 specifies a method using a curved stylus, which is specified in ISO 12137. The choice between the three methods depends on the particular practical problem.

This document specifies a method for determining the resistance to abrasion of coatings, for which two loaded, freely rotatable but eccentrically arranged abrasive rubber wheels affect the coating of the rotating test specimen.

This document specifies a method for determining the density of paints, varnishes and related products using a metal or Gay-Lussac pycnometer.
The method is limited to materials of low or medium viscosity at the temperature of test. The Hubbard pycnometer (see ISO 3507) can be used for highly viscous materials.

This document specifies a laboratory method to determine the leaching behaviour of substances from coatings into water over defined time intervals.
The release of substances from coatings under natural conditions cannot be determined with this method.
This method can be applied to renders, when condition (4) of the Scope of CEN/TS 16637-1 is fulfilled.
(4) It is assumed that intermittent contact with water (e.g. exposure to rainwater) is tested — by convention — as permanent contact. For some coatings, (e.g. some renders with organic binders according to EN 15824) in intermittent contact to water, physical and chemical properties might be altered in permanent contact with water. These products are not covered by the Technical Specification CEN/TS 16637-1 since the test method in CEN/TS 16637-2 is not appropriate for these construction products.

This document specifies a method for determining the tensile properties of free coating films, specifically for exterior wood applications. Typical tensile properties of interest are the modulus of elasticity, the tensile strength and the elongation at break during stretching of a free coating film at constant test speed. The test methods specified in this document are applicable to coatings from which free films can be made.

This document specifies a test method for the evaluation of protection against corrosion of edges and stamping burrs by electro-deposition coatings.
It applies to electro-deposition coatings for automotive industries and other general industrial applications, e.g. chiller units, consumer products, radiators, aerospace, agriculture.

This document specifies a method for assessing the resistance of a coating system on wet wood to separation from the substrate by measuring the force necessary to detach or rupture the coating system by a normal tensile strain applied through an attached stud (dolly). Additional information is gained by noting the type and locus of failure. The force required for detachment will depend on several factors including the adhesion of the coating to the substrate and between intermediate coating layers. The procedure is not regarded as a direct means of measuring adhesion but an indicator of adhesive performance (adherence) under wet conditions.
A procedure for wetting the wood substrate is described. The test method is only suitable for wood and wood-based substrates.
For dry adhesion the test method can be carried out without wetting, in which case it will differ very little from EN ISO 4624.

This document specifies three procedures to test the service life of a blast-cleaning abrasive under laboratory conditions.
The performance of an abrasive is also measured by its ability to clean, via transmission of kinetic energy to the substrate in the blasting process. This document also specifies the procedures that can be performed in the same testing machines to help evaluate abrasive performance under laboratory conditions.
This document applies to the testing of virgin metallic blasting media in the delivery state by centrifugal blasting under laboratory conditions.

This document specifies general terms and definitions for wettability. Some general principles are described in Annex A. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 4618.

This document specifies three methods for the determination of water-soluble chlorides in non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives, namely, amperometric titration, spectro-photometry and ion chromatography.
This document is part of the ISO 11127 series dealing with the sampling and testing of non-metallic abrasives for blast-cleaning.
The types of non-metallic abrasive and requirements on each are contained in the ISO 11126 series.
The ISO 11126 series and the ISO 11127 series have been drafted as a coherent set of International Standards on non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives.

This document specifies a general system for the classification of paints and varnishes for interior walls and ceilings for the decoration of new and old, coated and uncoated surfaces.

This document describes the main sources of error in the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for the investigation of coatings and other materials. The sources of error listed here include all process steps from the set-up of the sample with the measuring cell right through to evaluation.
NOTE       The sources of error discussed here do not represent a complete list.

This document specifies two methods of carrying out a pendulum damping test on a coating of paint, varnish or other related products. It is applicable to single coatings and to multicoat systems.

This document addresses performance criteria for coating systems on exterior wood. Performance requirements are specified according to three categories of end use (defined in EN 927 1) in terms of two mandatory tests, namely natural weathering performance testing carried out in accordance with EN 927 3, and water permeability in accordance with EN 927 5. Additional optional tests (non-mandatory) are tabled which can be used by suppliers, or for specification purposes, to provide additional information, to a standardized format, on aspects of performance relevant to specific situations. The majority of test methods are drawn from EN 927 (all parts), but where relevant additional tests from other national and international sources are used.
Requirements for claiming conformity with this document are defined and provide flexibility for different situations and can also provide a basis for certification.

This document gives technical descriptions of X-Y measuring tables together with sample applications, sample evaluations and practical recommendations for visual and metrological evaluation as a supplement to the ISO 28199 series. This document intends to provide further information on this subject to interested parties.

This document specifies a method for assessing the degree of flaking of coatings by comparison with pictorial standards.
ISO 4628-1 specifies the system used for designating the quantity and size of defects and the intensity of changes in appearance of coatings. It also outlines the general principles of the system. This system is intended to be used, in particular, for defects caused by ageing and weathering, and for uniform changes such as colour changes, for example yellowing.

This document specifies a method for the determination of water-soluble contaminants in non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives by conductivity measurement.
This is one of a number of parts in the ISO 11127 series dealing with the sampling and testing of non-metallic abrasives for blast-cleaning.
The types of non-metallic abrasive and requirements on each are contained in the ISO 11126 series.
The ISO 11126 series and the ISO 11127 series have been drafted as a coherent set of International Standards on non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives.

This document specifies a method for determining the resistance to abrasion of coatings, for which a loaded, rigid abrasive-paper covered wheel affects the coating of the linearly reciprocating test specimen.

This document specifies a test method for the evaluation of the resistance of coatings to pressure water-jetting. The test method simulates the effects pressure water-jetting has on a coating.

This document specifies a method for the calculation of the lower explosion limit of a coating powder, i.e. the minimum concentration of the coating powder in air which will form an explosive mixture. It is based on the measurement of the gross calorific value of the product, as determined by the method described in ISO 1928.

This document specifies a laboratory test method for determining the biocidal or biostatic efficacy of single active substances or combinations thereof used in film preservatives of coatings against fungal growth. This document does not apply to coatings unsusceptible to fungal growth. The test method covers only active substances for film preservation. It does not indicate the efficacy of the coating film to protect itself or an underlying material. The test method is applicable for active substances used for the protection of wood and masonry coatings. It is not applicable to marine coatings.
Safety, health and environmental aspects are not in the scope of this document.
Determination of the performance of film preservatives in coatings by applying ageing procedures is not within the scope of this document.

This document specifies a laboratory test method for determining the biocidal or biostatic efficacy of single active substances or combinations thereof used in film preservatives of coatings against algal growth. The document does not apply to coatings unsusceptible to algal growth. The test method covers only active substances for film preservation, not the substrate itself, e.g. wood, which is dealt with in another standard. The test method is applicable for active substances used for wood protection and masonry coatings. It is not applicable to marine coatings.
Safety, health and environmental aspects are not in the scope of this document.
Determination of the performance of film preservatives in coatings by applying ageing procedures is not within the scope of this document.

This document defines three CIE standard illuminants for use in colorimetry: CIE standard illuminant A for the representation of typical tungsten-filament lighting, CIE standard illuminant D65 for the representation of average daylight having a correlated colour temperature of approximately 6 500 K and CIE standard illuminant D50 for the representation of daylight with a correlated colour temperature of approximately 5 000 K. Values of the relative spectral power distribution of the three illuminants are included in this document.

This document specifies the method of calculating colour differences according to the CIEDE2000 formula.
This document is applicable to input values of CIELAB L*, a*, b* coordinates calculated according to ISO/CIE 11664-4. It can be used for the specification of the colour difference between two colour stimuli perceived as belonging to reflecting or transmitting objects. This includes displays if they are being used to simulate reflecting or transmitting objects and if the tristimulus values representing the stimuli are appropriately normalized.
This document does not apply to colour stimuli perceived as belonging to areas that appear to be emitting light as primary light sources or that appear to be specularly reflecting such light.